Depending on who’s telling the story—the enforcement of the Americans with Disabilities Act in California is either working as intended to ensure equal access for the disabled, or it’s in desperate need of reform to reduce the number of lawsuits over technical violations of the law.
One thing is clear: the number of federal ADA lawsuits filed in the Golden State far outpaces any other state in the nation. Small businesses are sometimes caught between the threat of lawsuits and the challenge of inscrutable building codes.
The Investigative Unit reviewed more than 10,000 federal ADA lawsuits filed since 2005 in the five states with the highest disabled populations. More lawsuits have been filed in California than Florida, Pennsylvania, Texas and New York combined.
Many complaints told a story of embarrassment and inequality. One suit alleged an amputee had to use the restroom with the door open because the stall wasn’t big enough for her wheelchair. Other suits claimed ADA violations that were less obvious.
They included: a mirror that was hung 1.5 inches too high, a disabled access emblem that was “not the correct size,” and one that was “not at the correct height on a restroom door.”
“The ADA is a great thing if it’s used in the right way,” said Lee Ky, manager of the Doughnuts to Go in Fresno. “Right now it’s not being used in the right way.”
Ky relies on a wheelchair to get around the shop daily. She said she had never received a complaint from any disabled patrons until she was hit with a lawsuit from San Jose based “Moore Law Firm” for discriminating against the disabled.
“It’s crazy,” she said.”They say our building is a barrier. I don’t see how. I am myself in a wheelchair.”
California
Ky was sued for violations including having an outdated sign for the unisex bathroom that was the wrong shape, and not having an emblem engraved in a table indicating it was wheelchair accessible, despite having multiple tables in her facility that were accessible.
The suit cost thousands to settle but Ky said the changes she made did nothing to improve access. “It’s frivolous,” she said. “I think it was all about wanting money.”
Disability rights attorneys take umbrage at what they call a campaign to besmirch disabled plaintiffs.
“This myth that’s being foisted is that these people [businesses] are being hunted down by somebody so that they can bring some false frivolous action,” disability rights attorney Randy Moore said. “I’m telling you that is bull.”
Of the 7,188 federal ADA suits in California reviewed by NBC Bay Area 4,215 were filed by a plaintiff who’s filed at least 30 lawsuits. Business owners call these plaintiffs “serial filers,” while Moore maintains they are advocates on the front line of a civil rights battle.
“In every civil rights fight that there is, you have to realize that it’s only a few people that take the step to go forward and fight for the rights of everyone,” Moore said.
Many businesses have trouble staying accessible with or without litigation.
“Given the way the building codes change as often as they do, it’s virtually impossible [to be in full compliance]” certified access specialist Christina Stevens said.
In a short drive around San Jose, Stevens pointed out violations at businesses both big and small.
“In this iteration of the building code, they actually legislated the color blue,” she said. “Now there’s a specific color blue [disabled parking spaces] have to be and somebody could sue because it’s the wrong color blue,” Stevens explained.
Businesses must be meticulous when it comes to addressing every potential ADA violation.
For example, take the bumps that help the visually impaired determine the boundary between the sidewalk and the street. They’re called “truncated domes” and when they were first added as a requirement to comply with ADA, Stevens said the domes only needed to be “visually contrasting.”
For example, a light gray sidewalk could have dark gray truncated domes.
“They have now legislated back this needs to be yellow,” Stevens said.
Violating the ADA in California carries a minimum $4,000 penalty in addition to the plaintiff’s legal fees. Unlike most laws, enforcement of the ADA is not up to police or inspectors; it’s up to private lawsuits by private citizens.
“The advice we give small businesses is:, once a year pay a certified access specialist for an audit and find out if you’re fully compliant or not and if not make a plan to become fully compliant, Kim Stone, president of the Civil Justice Association of California said.
Her organization has supported bills that would try to reduce the number of lawsuits with a 90 day “fix-it” period. So far, the attempts have failed.
“There’s real consequences to disabled folks when things aren't fully accessible,” Stone said. “That’s very different than a mirror being two inches too high or your parking lot being the wrong shade of blue.”
Click Here to find a Certified Access Specialist in your area.
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