• Over the past three decades, Nashville, Tennessee, has seen a flood of transplants moving from higher-cost cities.
• In 2022, the Nashville metropolitan area grew by about 35,624 people, or roughly 98 new residents per day, according to the Nashville Area Chamber of Commerce's Research Center.  
• However, nearly 80% of residents believe the city’s population is “growing too quickly,” according to a recent Vanderbilt University poll.

This story is part of CNBC's new quarterly Cities of Success series, which explores cities that have been transformed into business hubs with an entrepreneurial spirit that has attracted capital, companies and workers.

Over the past 30 years, Nashville, Tennessee — a city known for country music — has seen a flood of transplants moving from higher-cost cities.

For new residents, "everybody has a different story," said Jeff Hite, chief economic development officer of the Nashville Area Chamber of Commerce.

Some new residents come for job opportunities, while others move for a better quality of life or a lower cost of living, including no state income tax, he said.

While Nashville is known for music and entertainment, other top employers include health care, manufacturing and technology.

In 2022, the Nashville metropolitan area grew by about 35,624 people, or roughly 98 new residents per day, according to Census data compiled by the Nashville Area Chamber of Commerce's Research Center. 

Since 1990, the population has grown 81%, with more than two— million residents in the Nashville metropolitan area in 2022.

"We see people moving from the same areas that we see companies having interest to relocate from — areas that are dense, expensive and highly regulated," Hite said. 

Nashville was named one of the top 10 "homebuyer migration destinations" in a recent Redfin report. Los Angeles, Chicago, San Francisco, San Diego and New York were the top origin cities for prospective transplants, according to search data between August 2023 and October 2023.

Downtown Nashville resident growth

The city's primary tourism district has also seen an influx of new residents over the past 20 years, according to Tom Turner, president and CEO of the Nashville Downtown Partnership.

In 2003, there were roughly 1,900 residents living in downtown Nashville, which covers 2.4 square miles, and Turner expects it to reach about 23,000 residents within the next couple of years. 

Attracted to a "central location," some 43% of downtown residents moved from out of state, survey data from the Nashville Downtown Partnership shows.

Cost of living, affordability are 'major challenges'

While the Nashville area has seen staggering growth, affordability and quality of life are lingering concerns for many residents.

As of August 2023, a family needed to earn $124,095 per year to afford a median-price home worth $455,000 in the Nashville area, up 19% year over year, according to a Redfin analysis. 

That's nearly $10,000 higher than the $114,627 income needed to buy a median-price U.S. home sold for about $420,000 in August 2023, the analysis showed.

"Cost of living and affordability are major challenges in this area," Hite said, emphasizing the Chamber's push for "high skill, high wage jobs" as more companies expand or relocate to the city.

Some 47% of Nashville residents said the city's growth is "making their day-to-day life worse," nearly double the percentage from 2017, according to a Vanderbilt University poll released in April 2023.

Nearly 80% of those surveyed believe the city's population is "growing too quickly," the poll found. Feelings about Nashville's economy were split by income, with more negative views from residents earning less than $45,000 per year.

"Affordability has been a problem across the country, and we're certainly no exception," said Turner.

You can't ignore rising housing prices and longer commutes, but "a lot of it is perspective," he said. While long-time residents may have deeper concerns, transplants from high-cost markets may find Nashville "very affordable."

TUNE IN: The "Cities of Success" special featuring Nashville will air on CNBC on Dec. 6 at 10 p.m. ET/PT.